In late 1962, Secretary of the Army Elvis J. Stahr Jr. directed Under Secretary of the Army Stephen Ailes to conduct a survey of recruit training in the Army. This survey was conducted over a long period of time, and included experienced personnel from a variety of backgrounds. To ensure the report would be valid, Ailes made a comprehensive survey comparing the training techniques of the Marines, Army, Navy and Air Force. The final report submitted to the Department of the Army contained five principle findings, with appropriate recommendations and suggestions for eliminating the problems the researchers discovered.